AVIXA Recognized AV Technologist Test

Which type of microphone requires phantom power to operate?

1. Dynamic

2. Condenser

3. Ribbon

4. Lavalier

The correct answer is: Condenser

Condenser microphones require phantom power to operate because they use a capacitive mechanism to capture sound. This type of microphone has a diaphragm that is placed close to a backplate, forming a capacitor; the electrical charge between these components needs to be maintained for the microphone to function properly. Phantom power provides the necessary voltage (usually +48 volts) through the microphone cable to keep this electrical charge stable. In contrast, dynamic microphones operate using an electromagnetic induction principle and do not require external power to function. Ribbon microphones also do not need phantom power, as they work on a similar principle to dynamic mics, utilizing a thin ribbon of metal placed in a magnetic field. Lavalier microphones can be either dynamic or condenser types, and while some specialized lavalier microphones may require power, the question specifies a general type, making the condenser mic the clear answer here.